State of North Carolina
Imaging Operations Coordinator
State of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, 28412
Salary:
$41,655.00 - $57,957.00 Annually Location :
Wake County, NC Job Type:
Permanent Full-Time Remote Employment:
Flexible/Hybrid Job Number:
25-08865 AR60083388 Department:
Dept of Natural and Cultural Resources Division:
Archives & Records Opening Date:
07/15/2025 Closing Date:
8/5/2025 5:00 PM Eastern Job Class Title:
Archivist III Position Number:
60083388 Salary Grade:
NC10
Description of Work *** This post has been extended to 8/5/2025.*** This position is deemed eligible for hybrid telework under DNCR's Telework Policy. Click
to learn about employee perks and benefits
Click
to see the Total Compensation Calculator
Application Process Please watch our video
that walks you through each step of the application process. This position is located at:
109 E. Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27601 Primary Purpose of Position:
The Imaging Operations Coordinator is a critical part of the Collections Management Branch. Responsibilities of this position include project management, overall guidance for the preservation and access of records on microfilm, records reformatting, and digitization. The Imaging Operations Coordinator facilitates the maintenance and intellectual control of Archives microfilm holdings, including metadata review and standardization. The Imaging Operations Coordinator plans and organizes short-term and long-term projects and plans for the unit, including the restructuring of the Imaging unit. This position works collaboratively with Division personnel planning and coordinating projects which increase access to Archives collections including indexing, digitizing, reformatting, and reference services. The Imaging Operations Coordinator manages physical control of security vaults and serves as a member of the division's disaster response team. This position manages all purchasing, maintenance, and replacement of equipment withing the Imaging Unit. Their work is performed independently under the general supervision of the Collections Management Branch Manager. Key Responsibilities include but are not limited to: Handles all areas of personnel management in the unit including direct supervision of personnel. Coordinates security, quality control, maintenance, including environmental and intellectual control of all microfilm created or received and stored in the Archives two security vaults. Works collaboratively with other Division staff to plan, organize, and manage projects that promote the preservation and access of State Archives holdings through projects including records digitization, indexing, reference enhancement, and collections processing. Coordinates preservation reformatting of records for internal use and patron orders and guides digitization, metadata review and standardization. Provides customer service to internal customers, the public, and government officials concerning our services, holdings, and digital reformatting. Coordinates purchasing, maintenance and replacement of equipment within the unit. Serves as a key member of the Division's disaster response team and is a primary responder to after-hour emergencies involving security of the vaults. Position/Physical Requirements:
Must be able to work Monday through Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm, with occasional Saturdays and emergency call back. Must have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States or be able to obtain one within
90 days
of employment. Ability to work independently and as part of a collaborative team; and perform and coordinate multiple, concurrent work assignments. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities / Competencies To receive credit for your work history and credentials, you must provide the information on the application form. Any information omitted from the application form, listed as general statements, listed under the text resume section, or on an attachment will not be considered for qualifying credit. Management Prefers:
Demonstrated experience supervising others. Demonstrated experience interpreting and applying thorough knowledge of concepts of fair use, intellectual property rights, copyright law, confidentiality of public records, state law governing records management, and/or public records laws. Demonstrated knowledge of records and information management principles as they relate to digital reformatting and preservation. Demonstrated experience using digitization equipment such as large format scanners. Demonstrated experience in the use of complex databases and content management systems, such as AXAEM and CONTENTdm, and application of metadata standards, such as LOC subject terms/DublinCore.
Minimum Education and Experience Requirements Some state job postings say you can qualify by an "equivalent combination of education and experience." If that language appears below, then you may qualify through EITHER years of education OR years of directly related experience, OR a combination of both. See of oshr.nc.gov/experience-guide for details. Master's degree in history, public history, library and information science, or a related discipline from an appropriately accredited institution
AND
three years of progressive experience in archives and/or records management;
OR
an equivalent combination of education and experience.
Supplemental and Contact Information Section/Unit Description:
The
Collections Management Branch
is responsible for a wide variety of conservation, preservation, imaging, micrographic, and photographic functions. Among its responsibilities are administering the preservation program for the division including access and security of collections, environmental monitoring, disaster preparedness and response, integrated pest management and exhibit and loan procedures. The branch is also responsible for conservation treatment of collections, assessment and preparation of collections for loan and exhibit, preservation reformatting of collections, creation of security images of public records, and photographic and microfilm duplication services.
Division Description:
The
Division of Archives and Records
seeks to be a national leader in providing quality guidance on information stewardship in North Carolina and in creating simplified and integrated access to authentic information. We document the history and culture of our state through diverse collecting. We protect citizen rights and promote government transparency by providing equitable access and stewardship for public and historical records. We broaden understanding and engagement in North Carolina's rich history through outreach and collaboration.
Agency Description:
The
North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (DNCR)
takes care of the things that people love about North Carolina. DNCR manages over 100 locations across the state, including 27 historic sites, seven history museums, two art museums, five science museums, four aquariums, 35 state parks, four recreation areas, dozens of state trails and natural areas, the North Carolina Zoo, the State Library, the State Archives, the N.C. Arts Council, the African American Heritage Commission, the American Indian Heritage Commission, the State Historic Preservation Office, the Office of State Archaeology, the Highway Historical Markers program, the N.C. Land and Water Fund, and the Natural Heritage Program. The Department's vision is to be the leader in using the state's natural and cultural resources to build the social, cultural, educational, and economic future of North Carolina. Everyone is welcome. For more information, please visit We encourage you to apply to become a part of our team!
_
____ The Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (DNCR) selects applicants for employment based on required education and experience and job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, pregnancy, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age (40 or older), disability, National Guard or veteran status, genetic information, political affiliation, or political influence. We are an state, ensuring that people with disabilities have equal opportunities to succeed in the state government workplace. DNCR supports pay equity for women, establish paid parental leave for birth, adoption, and foster care, and implement fair chance policies. Join a team that welcomes, values, respects and supports all members of our work community. Be sure to complete the application in full . Resumes may be uploaded with your application but will not be accepted in lieu of a fully completed application and will not be considered for qualifying credit. "See Resume" or "See Attachment" will NOT be accepted.
Information should be provided in the appropriate areas, to include the following: Education, including high school and all degrees obtained, Work Experience, and Certificates & Licenses. It is critical to our screening and salary determination process that applications contain comprehensive candidate information. Answers to Supplemental Questions are not a substitute for providing all relevant information within the body of your application. To receive credit for the supplemental questions, you must provide supporting information within the "Work Experience" section of the application, to support your answers. If multiple applications are submitted to an individual posting, only the most recent application received prior to the closing date will be accepted. Applications must be submitted by 5:00 PM on the closing date.
Due to the volume of applications received, we are unable to provide information regarding the status of your application over the phone. To check the status of your application, please log in to your account. Upon the closing date, applications are "Under Review" and will be screened by Human Resources for the qualified applicants. The hiring process may take several weeks. Degree/College Credit Verification
Degrees must be received from appropriately accredited institutions. Transcripts, and degree evaluations may be uploaded with your application. If you have student loans, becoming a state employee includes eligibility for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. Visit to learn more. Veteran's and National Guard Preference
Applicants seeking Veteran's Preference must attach a DD Form 214, Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty, along with the state application. Applicants seeking National Guard Preference must attach an NGB 23A (RPAS), along with the state application if they are a current member of the NC National Guard in good standing. Applicants who are former member of either the NC Army National Guard or the NC Air National Guard, with honorable discharge and six years of creditable service must attach a copy of the DD 256 or NGB 22, along with the state application. ADA Accommodations
Consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA), DNCR is committed to the full inclusion of all qualified individuals. As part of this commitment, DNCR will ensure that persons with disabilities, or known limitations covered by the PWFA, are provided reasonable accommodations. If reasonable accommodation is needed to participate in the job application or interview process, please contact the person indicated below.
Employment Eligibility
It is the policy of the State of North Carolina and DNCR that all employees provide proof of employment eligibility (immigration and naturalization) on the first day of employment. We participate in E-Verify (Employment Eligibility Verification System). Sign On Bonus Eligibility
To be eligible for a sign-on bonus, the candidate must not have worked as a probationary, permanent, or time-limited employee in the last 12 months as an employee in North Carolina state government, including without limitation the judicial system, state executive branch agencies, and the university system, subject to the State Human Resources Act. NEOGOV Technical Assistance
If you are having technical issues logging into your account or applying for a position, please review the Get Help/FAQ's information on the website. If you are still experiencing technical issues with your application, please call the NEOGOV Help Line at
855-524-5627. CONTACT INFORMATION:
N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
Division of Human Resources
Melissa Riley
109 E. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601
Phone: 919-814-6670 NOTE: For temporary, contract or other supplemental staffing appointments: There are no paid leave, retirement or other benefits associated with these appointment types. For permanent and time-limited appointments:
Eligible employees have benefits that include employee health insurance options, standard and supplemental retirement plans, NC Flex (a variety of high-quality, low-cost benefits on a pre-tax basis), and paid vacation, sick, and community service leave, to name a few. Paid parental leave is available for eligible employees. Some benefits require 30 + hours work/week for participation.
01
I understand that DNCR requires a complete description of education and work history with all employment experience detailed to be considered for employment. I have included all this information within my application. (If you have not completed the application requirements, please return to your application to finish it before submitting.)
Yes, I understand this requirement.
02
If offered this position, are you willing to accept a salary within the posted recruitment range of $41,655 - $57,957?
Yes No
03
If you have graduated from a college or university, please list your major and degree type. If you do not have a degree, please type N/A. 04
Where did you learn about this job opportunity?
Career Fair Employee Referral Facebook Google Handshake Indeed JoinNC website LinkedIn NC Tech NCWorks OSHR Website (Office of State Human Resources) GovernmentJobs.com Professional Association or Industry-specific job board Other
05
Have you been affected by federal funding reductions or by Hurricane Helene, and, if so, which of these?
Yes- federal funding reductions Yes- Hurricane Helene No
06
This position regularly drives a state-owned vehicle which requires a valid driver's license issued from within the United States. Please select which statement applies to you:
I have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States. I do not have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States, but I am able to obtain one within 90 days of employment. I do not have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States, and I will not be able to obtain one.
07
Are you able to work Monday - Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm, with occasional Saturdays and emergency call back?
Yes No
08
How many years demonstrated experience do you have supervising others?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
09
How many years demonstrated experience do you have interpreting and applying thorough knowledge of concepts of fair use, intellectual property rights, copyright law, confidentiality of public records, state law governing records management, and/or public records laws?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
10
What is your level of knowledge with records and information management principles as they relate to digital reformatting and preservation?
No knowledge Basic Knowledge (familiar with basic principles or terminology) Intermediate Knowledge (Sufficient knowledge of the subject to work effectively within a normal range of standard work situations) Thorough knowledge (Advance comprehension of the subject to work independently)
11
How many years demonstrated experience do you have using digitization equipment such as large format scanners?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
12
How many years demonstrated experience do you have in the use of complex databases and content management systems, such as AXAEM and CONTENTdm, and application of metadata standards, such as LOC subject terms/DublinCore?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
13
* What is your level of knowledge with the public records laws in North Carolina and the ability to ensure the completion of orders from the image holdings meet the requirements of the Public Records Act?
No knowledge Basic Knowledge (familiar with basic principles or terminology) Intermediate Knowledge (Sufficient knowledge of the subject to work effectively within a normal range of standard work situations) Thorough knowledge (Advance comprehension of the subject to work independently)
Required Question
$41,655.00 - $57,957.00 Annually Location :
Wake County, NC Job Type:
Permanent Full-Time Remote Employment:
Flexible/Hybrid Job Number:
25-08865 AR60083388 Department:
Dept of Natural and Cultural Resources Division:
Archives & Records Opening Date:
07/15/2025 Closing Date:
8/5/2025 5:00 PM Eastern Job Class Title:
Archivist III Position Number:
60083388 Salary Grade:
NC10
Description of Work *** This post has been extended to 8/5/2025.*** This position is deemed eligible for hybrid telework under DNCR's Telework Policy. Click
to learn about employee perks and benefits
Click
to see the Total Compensation Calculator
Application Process Please watch our video
that walks you through each step of the application process. This position is located at:
109 E. Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27601 Primary Purpose of Position:
The Imaging Operations Coordinator is a critical part of the Collections Management Branch. Responsibilities of this position include project management, overall guidance for the preservation and access of records on microfilm, records reformatting, and digitization. The Imaging Operations Coordinator facilitates the maintenance and intellectual control of Archives microfilm holdings, including metadata review and standardization. The Imaging Operations Coordinator plans and organizes short-term and long-term projects and plans for the unit, including the restructuring of the Imaging unit. This position works collaboratively with Division personnel planning and coordinating projects which increase access to Archives collections including indexing, digitizing, reformatting, and reference services. The Imaging Operations Coordinator manages physical control of security vaults and serves as a member of the division's disaster response team. This position manages all purchasing, maintenance, and replacement of equipment withing the Imaging Unit. Their work is performed independently under the general supervision of the Collections Management Branch Manager. Key Responsibilities include but are not limited to: Handles all areas of personnel management in the unit including direct supervision of personnel. Coordinates security, quality control, maintenance, including environmental and intellectual control of all microfilm created or received and stored in the Archives two security vaults. Works collaboratively with other Division staff to plan, organize, and manage projects that promote the preservation and access of State Archives holdings through projects including records digitization, indexing, reference enhancement, and collections processing. Coordinates preservation reformatting of records for internal use and patron orders and guides digitization, metadata review and standardization. Provides customer service to internal customers, the public, and government officials concerning our services, holdings, and digital reformatting. Coordinates purchasing, maintenance and replacement of equipment within the unit. Serves as a key member of the Division's disaster response team and is a primary responder to after-hour emergencies involving security of the vaults. Position/Physical Requirements:
Must be able to work Monday through Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm, with occasional Saturdays and emergency call back. Must have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States or be able to obtain one within
90 days
of employment. Ability to work independently and as part of a collaborative team; and perform and coordinate multiple, concurrent work assignments. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities / Competencies To receive credit for your work history and credentials, you must provide the information on the application form. Any information omitted from the application form, listed as general statements, listed under the text resume section, or on an attachment will not be considered for qualifying credit. Management Prefers:
Demonstrated experience supervising others. Demonstrated experience interpreting and applying thorough knowledge of concepts of fair use, intellectual property rights, copyright law, confidentiality of public records, state law governing records management, and/or public records laws. Demonstrated knowledge of records and information management principles as they relate to digital reformatting and preservation. Demonstrated experience using digitization equipment such as large format scanners. Demonstrated experience in the use of complex databases and content management systems, such as AXAEM and CONTENTdm, and application of metadata standards, such as LOC subject terms/DublinCore.
Minimum Education and Experience Requirements Some state job postings say you can qualify by an "equivalent combination of education and experience." If that language appears below, then you may qualify through EITHER years of education OR years of directly related experience, OR a combination of both. See of oshr.nc.gov/experience-guide for details. Master's degree in history, public history, library and information science, or a related discipline from an appropriately accredited institution
AND
three years of progressive experience in archives and/or records management;
OR
an equivalent combination of education and experience.
Supplemental and Contact Information Section/Unit Description:
The
Collections Management Branch
is responsible for a wide variety of conservation, preservation, imaging, micrographic, and photographic functions. Among its responsibilities are administering the preservation program for the division including access and security of collections, environmental monitoring, disaster preparedness and response, integrated pest management and exhibit and loan procedures. The branch is also responsible for conservation treatment of collections, assessment and preparation of collections for loan and exhibit, preservation reformatting of collections, creation of security images of public records, and photographic and microfilm duplication services.
Division Description:
The
Division of Archives and Records
seeks to be a national leader in providing quality guidance on information stewardship in North Carolina and in creating simplified and integrated access to authentic information. We document the history and culture of our state through diverse collecting. We protect citizen rights and promote government transparency by providing equitable access and stewardship for public and historical records. We broaden understanding and engagement in North Carolina's rich history through outreach and collaboration.
Agency Description:
The
North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (DNCR)
takes care of the things that people love about North Carolina. DNCR manages over 100 locations across the state, including 27 historic sites, seven history museums, two art museums, five science museums, four aquariums, 35 state parks, four recreation areas, dozens of state trails and natural areas, the North Carolina Zoo, the State Library, the State Archives, the N.C. Arts Council, the African American Heritage Commission, the American Indian Heritage Commission, the State Historic Preservation Office, the Office of State Archaeology, the Highway Historical Markers program, the N.C. Land and Water Fund, and the Natural Heritage Program. The Department's vision is to be the leader in using the state's natural and cultural resources to build the social, cultural, educational, and economic future of North Carolina. Everyone is welcome. For more information, please visit We encourage you to apply to become a part of our team!
_
____ The Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (DNCR) selects applicants for employment based on required education and experience and job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, pregnancy, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age (40 or older), disability, National Guard or veteran status, genetic information, political affiliation, or political influence. We are an state, ensuring that people with disabilities have equal opportunities to succeed in the state government workplace. DNCR supports pay equity for women, establish paid parental leave for birth, adoption, and foster care, and implement fair chance policies. Join a team that welcomes, values, respects and supports all members of our work community. Be sure to complete the application in full . Resumes may be uploaded with your application but will not be accepted in lieu of a fully completed application and will not be considered for qualifying credit. "See Resume" or "See Attachment" will NOT be accepted.
Information should be provided in the appropriate areas, to include the following: Education, including high school and all degrees obtained, Work Experience, and Certificates & Licenses. It is critical to our screening and salary determination process that applications contain comprehensive candidate information. Answers to Supplemental Questions are not a substitute for providing all relevant information within the body of your application. To receive credit for the supplemental questions, you must provide supporting information within the "Work Experience" section of the application, to support your answers. If multiple applications are submitted to an individual posting, only the most recent application received prior to the closing date will be accepted. Applications must be submitted by 5:00 PM on the closing date.
Due to the volume of applications received, we are unable to provide information regarding the status of your application over the phone. To check the status of your application, please log in to your account. Upon the closing date, applications are "Under Review" and will be screened by Human Resources for the qualified applicants. The hiring process may take several weeks. Degree/College Credit Verification
Degrees must be received from appropriately accredited institutions. Transcripts, and degree evaluations may be uploaded with your application. If you have student loans, becoming a state employee includes eligibility for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. Visit to learn more. Veteran's and National Guard Preference
Applicants seeking Veteran's Preference must attach a DD Form 214, Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty, along with the state application. Applicants seeking National Guard Preference must attach an NGB 23A (RPAS), along with the state application if they are a current member of the NC National Guard in good standing. Applicants who are former member of either the NC Army National Guard or the NC Air National Guard, with honorable discharge and six years of creditable service must attach a copy of the DD 256 or NGB 22, along with the state application. ADA Accommodations
Consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA), DNCR is committed to the full inclusion of all qualified individuals. As part of this commitment, DNCR will ensure that persons with disabilities, or known limitations covered by the PWFA, are provided reasonable accommodations. If reasonable accommodation is needed to participate in the job application or interview process, please contact the person indicated below.
Employment Eligibility
It is the policy of the State of North Carolina and DNCR that all employees provide proof of employment eligibility (immigration and naturalization) on the first day of employment. We participate in E-Verify (Employment Eligibility Verification System). Sign On Bonus Eligibility
To be eligible for a sign-on bonus, the candidate must not have worked as a probationary, permanent, or time-limited employee in the last 12 months as an employee in North Carolina state government, including without limitation the judicial system, state executive branch agencies, and the university system, subject to the State Human Resources Act. NEOGOV Technical Assistance
If you are having technical issues logging into your account or applying for a position, please review the Get Help/FAQ's information on the website. If you are still experiencing technical issues with your application, please call the NEOGOV Help Line at
855-524-5627. CONTACT INFORMATION:
N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
Division of Human Resources
Melissa Riley
109 E. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601
Phone: 919-814-6670 NOTE: For temporary, contract or other supplemental staffing appointments: There are no paid leave, retirement or other benefits associated with these appointment types. For permanent and time-limited appointments:
Eligible employees have benefits that include employee health insurance options, standard and supplemental retirement plans, NC Flex (a variety of high-quality, low-cost benefits on a pre-tax basis), and paid vacation, sick, and community service leave, to name a few. Paid parental leave is available for eligible employees. Some benefits require 30 + hours work/week for participation.
01
I understand that DNCR requires a complete description of education and work history with all employment experience detailed to be considered for employment. I have included all this information within my application. (If you have not completed the application requirements, please return to your application to finish it before submitting.)
Yes, I understand this requirement.
02
If offered this position, are you willing to accept a salary within the posted recruitment range of $41,655 - $57,957?
Yes No
03
If you have graduated from a college or university, please list your major and degree type. If you do not have a degree, please type N/A. 04
Where did you learn about this job opportunity?
Career Fair Employee Referral Facebook Google Handshake Indeed JoinNC website LinkedIn NC Tech NCWorks OSHR Website (Office of State Human Resources) GovernmentJobs.com Professional Association or Industry-specific job board Other
05
Have you been affected by federal funding reductions or by Hurricane Helene, and, if so, which of these?
Yes- federal funding reductions Yes- Hurricane Helene No
06
This position regularly drives a state-owned vehicle which requires a valid driver's license issued from within the United States. Please select which statement applies to you:
I have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States. I do not have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States, but I am able to obtain one within 90 days of employment. I do not have a valid driver's license issued from within the United States, and I will not be able to obtain one.
07
Are you able to work Monday - Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm, with occasional Saturdays and emergency call back?
Yes No
08
How many years demonstrated experience do you have supervising others?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
09
How many years demonstrated experience do you have interpreting and applying thorough knowledge of concepts of fair use, intellectual property rights, copyright law, confidentiality of public records, state law governing records management, and/or public records laws?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
10
What is your level of knowledge with records and information management principles as they relate to digital reformatting and preservation?
No knowledge Basic Knowledge (familiar with basic principles or terminology) Intermediate Knowledge (Sufficient knowledge of the subject to work effectively within a normal range of standard work situations) Thorough knowledge (Advance comprehension of the subject to work independently)
11
How many years demonstrated experience do you have using digitization equipment such as large format scanners?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
12
How many years demonstrated experience do you have in the use of complex databases and content management systems, such as AXAEM and CONTENTdm, and application of metadata standards, such as LOC subject terms/DublinCore?
None Less than 1 year At least 1 year but less than 3 years At least 3 years but less than 5 years At least 5 years but less than 7 years 7 years or more
13
* What is your level of knowledge with the public records laws in North Carolina and the ability to ensure the completion of orders from the image holdings meet the requirements of the Public Records Act?
No knowledge Basic Knowledge (familiar with basic principles or terminology) Intermediate Knowledge (Sufficient knowledge of the subject to work effectively within a normal range of standard work situations) Thorough knowledge (Advance comprehension of the subject to work independently)
Required Question